If you can have an ssh connection with the distant server ⇒ use scp command (2 possibilities):
Open connection to ProfessorX with ssh (using your normal account) and then type something like :
scp -r distant_login@distant_server_IP:/home/your_home_folder/folder_to_copy
(a required password for the distant server could be asked)
⇒ The distant server must have an open access to the ssh protocol, from the outside (if not, the connection will fail)
scp -r login_on_professorX@134.59.51.200:/home/login_professorx/
If files are available from a web server (http access) or ftp sever
wget http://www.website.org/rep/01/file.txt
or for a folder:
wget -r http://www.site.org/rep/01/
And in ftp:
wget -r ftp://login:password@serveur.org/folder_to_download
⇒ Note, you can add “-c” option if you want to continue an interrupted transfer